Brian Curtice and Colin Boisvert are presenting our talk on this project at 2:00 pm MDT this afternoon, at the 14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota (MTE14) in Salt Lake City, and the related paper is in the MTE14 volume in The Anatomical Record.

Western University of Health Sciences

Matt Wedel

::: {#attachment_21038 .wp-caption .aligncenter shortcode="caption" style="width: 1034px"}
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image-title="Haplocanthosaurus from across the Morrison – Curtice et al 2023 fig 1"
image-description="" image-caption=""
medium-file="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=300"
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srcset="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=480 480w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=958 958w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=150 150w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=300 300w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/haplocanthosaurus-from-across-the-morrison-curtice-et-al-2023-fig-1.jpg?w=768 768w"
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*Haplocanthosaurus* tibiae and dorsal vertebrae. Curtice et al. (2023:
fig. 1).
:::

Brian Curtice and Colin Boisvert are presenting our talk on this project
at 2:00 pm MDT this afternoon, at the 14th Symposium on Mesozoic
Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota (MTE14) in Salt Lake City, and the
related paper is in the MTE14 volume in The Anatomical Record. Here's
the citation and a direct link to the paper:

[Curtice, B., Wedel, M.J., Wilhite, D.R., and Boisvert, C. 2023. New
material of *Haplocanthosaurus* (Hatcher 1903) from the Dry Mesa
Dinosaur Quarry and a comment on sauropod diversity. In Hunt-Foster,
R.K., Kirkland, J.I., and Loewen, M.A. (eds), 14th Symposium on Mesozoic
Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota. The Anatomical Record
306(S1):79-81.](https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/curtice-et-al-2023-haplocanthosaurus-from-dry-mesa.pdf)

This one is exciting to me for several reasons, both personal and
scientific. I've been friends with Brian Curtice and Ray Wilhite since
the late 90s, but I've never published with them before now. It's nice
to have Colin Boisvert on board as well --- he's working on his Master's
at BYU, just like Brian and Ray did back when, and he's a keen observer
of the sauropod scene.

Turning to the science, the number of known *Haplo* individuals in the
entire Morrison is small, probably fewer than a dozen, so any new
*Haplo* material is nice to get. Also, Dry Mesa is a big, famous,
productive, diverse quarry, and having *Haplo* in that quarry is
interesting and important. 

But to me the most exciting thing about this is that Dry Mesa now has
the highest diversity of sauropod genera of any locality in the world.
At least six valid, impossible-to-confuse sauropod genera are known from
Dry Mesa (listed alphabetically here; we provide specimen numbers of
diagnostic elements for each genus in the paper):

1.  *Apatosaurus*
2.  *Brachiosaurus*
3.  *Camarasaurus*
4.  *Diplodocus*
5.  *Haplocanthosaurus*
6.  *Supersaurus*

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orig-file="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg"
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image-meta="{\"aperture\":\"0\",\"credit\":\"\",\"camera\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"created_timestamp\":\"0\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"focal_length\":\"0\",\"iso\":\"0\",\"shutter_speed\":\"0\",\"title\":\"\"}"
image-title="Wedel and Taylor 2013 bifurcation Figure 7 – small Diplodocus cervical"
image-description=""
image-caption="<p>Wedel and Taylor (2013), Figure 7. BYU 12613, a posterior cervical of Diplodocus, in dorsal (top), left lateral (left), and posterior (right) views. It compares most favourably with C14 of D. carnegii CM 84/94 (Hatcher, 1901: plate 3) despite being only 42% as large, with a centrum length of 270 mm compared to 642 mm for C14 of D. carnegii.</p>
"
medium-file="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=300"
large-file="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=1024"
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srcset="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=480 480w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=960 960w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=150 150w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=300 300w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wedel-and-taylor-2013-bifurcation-figure-7-small-diplodocus-cervical1.jpg?w=768 768w"
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BYU 12613, a posterior cervical of a diplodocid, in dorsal (top), left
lateral (left), and posterior (right) views. The centrum length is 270
mm, compared to 642 mm for C14 of *D. carnegii*. Wedel and Taylor
(2013), Figure 7.
:::

Alert readers may also recall BYU 12613, a posterior cervical that Mike
and I called *Diplodocus* in our 2013 neural spine bifurcation paper,
but which may actually pertain to *Kaatedocus*. All the *Diplodocus*
material from Dry Mesa is small, and I'm not at all confident that I
could tell small *Diplodocus* vertebrae from *Kaatedocus*, so out of an
abundance of caution we're calling it all *Diplodocus* for the purposes
of counting genera.

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image-title="2005-07-29 BYU 11617 Barosaurus right lateral"
image-description="" image-caption=""
medium-file="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=300"
large-file="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=1024"
width="480" height="360"
srcset="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=480 480w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=960 960w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=150 150w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=300 300w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg?w=768 768w"
sizes="(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px"}](https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/2005-07-29-byu-11617-barosaurus-right-lateral.jpg)

BYU 11617, which sure as heck looks like *Barosaurus* to me, with a
loooong swoopy centrum, big posterolateral flanges, and prezygs that
overhang the condyle.
:::

There are also vertebrae in the quarry that I've always considered to
belong to *Barosaurus*, like BYU 11617 from [this
post](https://svpow.com/2016/05/17/whats-up-with-your-irregular-ventral-ridges-diplodocines/).
If Brian Curtice is right about BYU 9024 ([this
monster](https://svpow.com/2016/09/16/how-horrifying-was-the-neck-of-barosaurus/))
belonging to *Supersaurus* rather than *Barosaurus*, then I'm no longer
certain that we can distinguish *Supes* and *Baro* based on cervical
vertebrae. So maybe those *Baro* verts actually belong to *Supersaurus*.
But if they don't --- or if BYU 9024 itself belong to *Barosaurus*, as
Mike and I have argued (in [our 2016 SVPCA
talk](http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/dino/pubs/svpca2016/TaylorWedel2016-how-big-did-barosaurus-get.pdf),
and [this
post](https://svpow.com/2019/06/15/supersaurus-ultrasaurus-and-dystylosaurus-in-2019-part-2-what-we-found-in-utah/)
and [this
post](https://svpow.com/2019/06/16/supersaurus-ultrasaurus-and-dystylosaurus-in-2019-part-2b-the-size-of-the-byu-9024-animal/))
--- then *Barosaurus* is a seventh sauropod genus from Dry Mesa.

The high sauropod diversity at Dry Mesa is exciting for a couple of
reasons. One, it emphasizes the ridiculous productivity of the Morrison
paleoenvironment. Yes, there were droughts and fires and landslides and
whatnot --- at least periodically, even at Dry Mesa (Richmond and Morris
1998). But there was also an environment --- or rather, a series of
environments --- fecund enough to support many coexisting genera of
whale-sized herbivores. That's part of the Morrison story, too.

And two, this is relevant to the "problem" of Morrison sauropod
diversity --- the idea that there are just too darned many sauropods in
the Morrison, no environment could have supported so many, and therefore
Morrison sauropod taxonomy has to be messed up, buncha dumb
paleontologists oversplitting genera and species because they don't know
any better. (For more on this idea, see Darren's brilliant series of
posts at Tetrapod Zoology; the concluding post, with links to all the
rest, is
[here](https://tetzoo.com/blog/2020/5/20/stop-saying-that-there-are-too-many-sauropod-dinosaurs-part-8-the-last-part).)

I put "problem" in scare quotes because I think it's illusory. In
addition to Dry Mesa with its six or seven sauropod genera, there are a
handful of Morrison localities with five sauropod genera, more with
four, and gobs with three. Not surprisingly, the diverse localities tend
to be the big ones, which at least hints that more quarries would have
more sauropods if they were bigger --- maybe only the biggest quarries
did a decent job of capturing the diversity of sauropods on the
landscape.

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orig-size="2357,693" comments-opened="1"
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image-title="Engh – Brushy Basin dinos" image-description=""
image-caption=""
medium-file="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=300"
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srcset="https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=480 480w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=960 960w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=150 150w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=300 300w, https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg?w=768 768w"
sizes="(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px"}](https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/engh-brushy-basin-dinos.jpg)

[Brian Engh's](https://dontmesswithdinosaurs.com/?p=2397) assemblage of
large-bodied Brushy Basin dinos for [Jurassic Reimagined Part
1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JC3aCs5f4-I). Coincidentally, though,
if you swap in *Supersaurus* for *Barosaurus* --- or maybe just add
*Supersaurus* alongside *Barosaurus* --- you'll have the known sauropod
diversity of the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry.
:::

One you have five or six sauropod genera coexisting closely enough to
get buried in the same hole, I think the "problem" of Morrison sauropod
diversity goes away. The Morrison Formation outcrops from New Mexico to
Canada, from the Oklahoma panhandle and the Black Hills of South Dakota
to central Utah, and spans probably 7 or 8 million years. Even four or
five distinct habitats or communities across all that space and time
(which might be unrealistically conservative --- it could easily be
several communities at a time, turning over every 2 or 3 million
years\*), each with four to six sauropod species, gets the species count
waaay up there.

\*But wait --- doesn't our figure up top show that *Haplocanthosaurus*
persisted from the lower part of the [Salt
Wash](https://svpow.com/2020/01/29/a-haplocanthosaurus-in-the-salt-wash/)
to the upper part of the Brushy Basin? Sure, but not as the same species
right the way through. There were probably something like half a dozen
species of haplocanthosaurs in the Morrison --- *H. priscus*, *H.
delfsi*, the as-yet-unnamed-but-definitely-distinct Bilbey *Haplo*
(Bilbey et al. 2000), the as-yet-unnamed-but-definitely-distinct
Snowmass *Haplo* (Foster and Wedel 2014, Wedel et al. 2021), plus I
assume a couple more when and if we get better material of the more
fragmentary specimens. That would be consistent with the multiple known
species of *Apatosaurus*, *Brontosaurus*, *Camarasaurus*, *Diplodocus*,
etc. So sequential communities of Morrison sauropods probably had a lot
of the same genera --- there's nearly always a *Cam* of some kind, some
apatosaurine lurking around, etc. --- but with different species across
time, space, and paleoenvironmental conditions.

I think a big part of the problem is that it's (maybe too) easy to think
of the Morrison Formation as a single thing --- like most formations ---
and to think that we can hold all of it in our heads at once. But the
Morrison is a monster, more comparable to a group than to other
formations, and not really comparable to any other dinosaur-bearing
formation in terms of extent, productivity, and likely diversity of
environments and habitats. (For an overview of Morrison environments
through time, see [Jurassic Reimagined Part
1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JC3aCs5f4-I).)

So, yeah. Morrison sauropod diversity was high, and we just have to deal
with that. Plus, hey, now we have more *Haplo* to play with. Happy days
all around!

## References

- Bilbey, S.A., Hall, J.E., and Hall, D.A. 2000. Preliminary results on
  a new haplocanthosaurid sauropod dinosaur from the lower Morrison
  Formation of northeastern Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
  20(supp. to no. 3): 30A.
- [Foster, J.R., and Wedel, M.J. 2014. *Haplocanthosaurus *(Saurischia:
  Sauropoda) from the lower Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) near
  Snowmass, Colorado. Volumina Jurassica 12(2): 197--210. DOI:
  10.5604/17313708
  .1130144](https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/foster-and-wedel-2014-haplocanthosaurus-from-snowmass-colorado.pdf)
- Richmond, D.R., and Morris, T.H. 1998. Stratigraphy and cataclysmic
  deposition of the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry, Mesa County, Colorado.
  Modern Geology 22:121-143.
- [Wedel, Mathew J., and Michael P. Taylor. 2013. Neural spine
  bifurcation in sauropod dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation:
  ontogenetic and phylogenetic implications. *Palarch's Journal of
  Vertebrate Palaeontology* **10(1)**:1-34. ISSN
  1567-2158.](https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/wedel-taylor-2013-neural-spine-bifurcation-in-sauropods.pdf)
- [Wedel, Mathew; Atterholt, Jessie; Dooley, Jr., Alton C.; Farooq,
  Saad; Macalino, Jeff; Nalley, Thierra K.; Wisser, Gary; and Yasmer,
  John. 2021. Expanded neural canals in the caudal vertebrae of a
  specimen of *Haplocanthosaurus*. Academia Letters, Article 911, 10pp.
  DOI:
  10.20935/AL911](https://svpow.files.wordpress.com/2022/03/wedel-et-al-2021-expanded-neural-canals-in-caudal-vertebrae-of-haplocanthosaurus.pdf)


None

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New paper: Curtice et al. (2023) on the first <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i> from Dry Mesa

As described in the last post, Jessie Atterholt is presenting our poster on this project today, at the 14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota (MTE14) in Salt Lake City, and the related paper is in the MTE14 volume in The Anatomical Record.

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New paper: Wedel and Atterholt (2023) on expanded neurocentral joints in sauropods

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image-title="Ripple rock in the Oklahoma Morrison" image-description=""
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BIG day today. The 14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and
Biota (MTE14) is taking place in Salt Lake City this week. Normally I'd
be there in a heartbeat, but my son is graduating from high school next
week and I'm far too busy to get away. Still, I'm an author on one
poster and two talks that are running today, along with the three
associated short papers that are published in the conference volume in
The Anatomical Record. 

I will be blogging about these things, and shortly, but for now here are
Wedel-related presentations and links to the papers, in chronological
order. (The whole conference volume is available
[here](https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ar.25219),
I just extracted the papers I'm on as separate PDFs to post in the links
below.)

1\. Wedel and Atterholt on expanded neurocentral joints in sauropods ---
Jessie is presenting our poster, which should be up for most of the day.
Citation and link to paper:

[Wedel, M.J., and Atterholt, J. 2023. Expanded neurocentral joints in
the vertebrae of sauropod dinosaurs. In Hunt-Foster, R.K., Kirkland,
J.I., and Loewen, M.A. (eds), 14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial
Ecosystems and Biota. The Anatomical Record
306(S1):256-257.](https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/wedel-and-atterholt-2023-expanded-neurocentral-joints-in-sauropods.pdf)

2\. Curtice et al. on the first material of *Haplocanthosaurus* from Dry
Mesa --- I believe Brian Curtice and Colin Boisvert are tag-teaming this
talk at 2:00 pm MDT. 

[Curtice, B., Wedel, M.J., Wilhite, D.R., and Boisvert, C. 2023. New
material of *Haplocanthosaurus* (Hatcher 1903) from the Dry Mesa
Dinosaur Quarry and a comment on sauropod diversity. In Hunt-Foster,
R.K., Kirkland, J.I., and Loewen, M.A. (eds), 14th Symposium on Mesozoic
Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota. The Anatomical Record
306(S1):79-81.](https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/curtice-et-al-2023-haplocanthosaurus-from-dry-mesa.pdf)

3\. Weil et al. on Morrison microvertebrates from the Oklahoma panhandle
--- Anne Weil is giving this talk at 2:15 pm MDT.

[Weil, A., Hall, L., and Wedel, M.J. 2023. Microvertebrate expansion of
known fauna of the Morrison Formation of Oklahoma will enable more
meaningful comparisons with other regions. In Hunt-Foster, R.K.,
Kirkland, J.I., and Loewen, M.A. (eds), 14th Symposium on Mesozoic
Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota. The Anatomical Record
306(S1):257-258.](https://sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/weil-et-al-2023-oklahoma-morrison-microvertebrates.pdf)

Stand by for more info on all this stuff. And if you're attending MTE14,
go catch these presentations and say hi to all these excellent human
beings!


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Rogue Scholar Beiträge

New paper: Curtice et al. (2023) on the first Haplocanthosaurus from Dry Mesa

New paper: Wedel and Atterholt (2023) on expanded neurocentral joints in sauropods

Three presentations today at MTE14, and the papers that go with them