The Willgerodt reaction[cite]10.1002/cber.18870200278[/cite], discovered in 1887 and shown below, represents a transformation with a once famously obscure mechanism. A major step in the elucidation of that mechanism came[cite]10.1021/ja01157a034[/cite] using the then new technique of ¹⁴ C radio-labelling, shortly after the atom bomb projects during WWII made ¹⁴ CO ₂ readily available to researchers.