With universities around the world having to very rapidly transition to blended learning (a mixture of virtual and face-2-face experiences) with a very large component based on online materials, I thought it might be interesting to try to give one snapshot of when the online experience started to happen in chemistry. My start point will in fact be 1993, when the method of exposing online content currently in use (the “web”) really got going.

These four posts (the box set) set out to try to define the energetics for a reasonable reaction path for the Willgerodt-Kindler reaction. The rate of this reaction corresponds approximately to a free energy barrier of ~30 kcal/mol. Any pathway found to be >10 kcal/mol at its highest point above this barrier was deemed less probable. The first three efforts at defining such pathways all gave such a result.

Here I investigate a recent report[cite]10.1126/sciadv.abc0495[/cite] of a new generation of polyesters with the intrinsic properties of high crystallinity and chemical recyclability. The latter point is key, since many current plastics cannot be easily recycled to a form which can be used to regenerate the original polymer with high yield. Here I show some aspects of this fascinating new type of polymer.

The folks at DataCite have announced a new research object discovery service which aims to give users a “*comprehensive overview of connections between entities in the research landscape”*. The portal https://commons.datacite.org acts as the entry point for three basic types of persistent identifiers (PIDs); Research works, using the DOI (digital object identifier) as a PID.

The two previous surveys of the potential energy surface for this, it has to be said, rather obscure reaction led to energy barriers that were rather to high to be entirely convincing. So here is a third possibility. The red section corresponds to the previous exploration, in which a 3-membered sulfur ring intermediate was mooted. Here we go back to a 3-ring with nitrogen instead.

Continuing an exploration of the mechanism of this reaction, an alternative new mechanism was suggested in 1989 (having been first submitted to the journal ten years earlier!).[cite]10.1002/jhet.5570260518[/cite] Here the key intermediate proposed is a thiirenium cation (labelled 8 in the article) and labelled Int3 below.

Sometimes a (scientific) thought just pops into one’s mind. Most are probably best not shared with anyone, but since its the summer silly season, I thought I might with this one. Famously, according to Einstein, m  = E/c^^2, the equivalence of energy to mass. Consider a typical exoenergic chemical reaction:  A → B, ΔG -100 kJ/mol.

The Willgerodt reaction[cite]10.1002/cber.18870200278[/cite], discovered in 1887 and shown below, represents a transformation with a once famously obscure mechanism. A major step in the elucidation of that mechanism came[cite]10.1021/ja01157a034[/cite] using the then new technique of ¹⁴ C radio-labelling, shortly after the atom bomb projects during WWII made ¹⁴ CO ₂ readily available to researchers.

One of the most fascinating and important articles dealing with curly arrows I have seen is that by Klein and Knizia on the topic of C-H bond activations using an iron catalyst.[cite]10.1002/anie.201805511[/cite] These are so-called high spin systems with unpaired electrons and the mechanism of C-H activation involves both double headed (two electron) and fish-hook (single electron) movement.

Metaldehyde is an insecticide used to control slugs.