A hydrogen bond donor is considered as an electronegative element carrying a hydrogen that is accepted by an atom carrying a lone pair of electrons, as in X:…H-Y where X: is the acceptor and H-Y the donor. Wikipedia asserts that carbon can act as a donor, as we saw in the post on the incredible chloride cage, where six Cl**:**…H-C interactions trapped the chloride ion inside the cage.

All of the molecules in this year’s C&EN list are fascinating in their very different ways. Here I take a look at the twisty tetracene (dodecaphenyltetracene) which is indeed very very twisty.[cite]10.1002/anie.201812418[/cite] Click on image to view 3D model Unfortunately, the authors point that the twisty-ness does not lead to a stable helical configuration at room temperatures and so separate enantiomers cannot be isolated.

My momentum of describing early attempts to use optical rotation to correlate absolute configuration of small molecules such as glyceraldehyde and lactic acid with their optical rotations has carried me to L-Malic acid (below labelled as ( S )-Malic acid). The measured optical rotatory dispersion curve at low wavelengths is shown below (dashed line for Malic acid, solid line for Lactic acid). A sign inversion

Here is another molecule of the year, on a topic close to my heart, the catenane systems 1 and the trefoil knot 2 [cite]10.1126/science.aav5021[/cite] Such topology is closely inter-twinned with three dimensions (literally) and I always find that the flat pages of a journal are simply insufficient to do them justice. So I set about finding the 3D coordinates.

Each year, C&E News runs a poll for their “ Molecule of the year ”. I occasionally comment with some aspect of one of the molecules that catches my eye (I have already written about cyclo[18]carbon, another in the list). Here, it is the Incredible chloride cage , a cryptand-like container with an attomolar (10 ¹⁷ M ^-1 ) affinity for a chloride anion.[cite]10.1126/science.aaw5145[/cite] The essence of

I have been discussing some historical aspects of the absolute configuration of molecules and how it was connected to their optical rotations. The nomenclature for certain types of molecules such as sugars and less commonly amino acids includes the notation (+) to indicate that the specific optical rotation of the molecule has a positive (rather than a negative) value.

In this series of posts on optical rotations, I firstly noted Kirkwood’s 1937 attempt to correlate the optical rotation of butan-2-ol with its absolute configuration.

Text books often show the following diagram, famously consolidated over many years by Emil Fischer from 1891 onwards. At the top sits D -(+)-glyceraldehyde, to which all the monosaccharides below are connected by painstaking chemical transformations.

Some areas of science progressed via very famous predictions that were subsequently verified by experiments. Think of Einstein and gravitational waves or of Dirac and the positron. There are fewer well-known examples in chemistry; perhaps Watson and Crick’s prediction of the structure of DNA, albeit based on the interpretation of an existing experimental result.

In the previous post, I discussed the structure of the free base form of tetrodotoxin, often represented as originally suggested by Woodward[cite]10.1351/pac196409010049[/cite] below in an ionic form: Quantum calculations suggested that this form was higher in energy than neutral forms devoid of the zwitterionic charge separation in a relatively non polar solvent such as chloroform. For this, a so-called continuum solvation model was used.