Silvio Peroni

Among the external services used, the **[ORCID Public
API](https://members.orcid.org/api/about-public-api)** is of crucial
importance for the task of author disambiguation. During the [OCC
ingestion](https://w3id.org/oc/paper/occ-lisc2016.html)
[workflow](https://w3id.org/oc/paper/occ-lisc2016.html), the main
metadata of an article are usually retrieved from the [Crossref
API](https://api.crossref.org). While the JSON schema used by Crossref
to return the information requested by its APIs includes a field for
specifying the ORCID for each of the authors of an article, this field
is usually blank, since such information is commonly not available in
the data provided by publishers. We therefore routinely use the ORCID
Public API to try to retrieve ORCIDs for all authors and editors named
in the Crossref metadata for a given DOI.

The process is organised as follows. Once we get back from Crossref the
metadata about an article, we call the ORCID Public API and search for
ORCIDs associated with the family names returned by Crossref of all the
authors and editors ('agents') associated with that particular DOI. For
instance, using the Crossref metadata about the article with DOI
"10.1108/jd-12-2013-0166" (API call:
<https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1108/jd-12-2013-0166>), we extract
all the agents' family names and call the ORCID Public API as follows:

<https://pub.orcid.org/v2.1/search?q=(doi-self:10.1108/JD-12-2013-0166%20OR%20doi-self:10.1108/jd-12-2013-0166)%20AND%20(family-name:Peroni%20OR%20family-name:Dutton%20OR%20family-name:Gray%20OR%20family-name:Shotton)>

The result of this query returned by ORCID is as follows:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
    <search:search num-found="2" 
      xmlns:search="http://www.orcid.org/ns/search" 
      xmlns:common="http://www.orcid.org/ns/common">
      <search:result>
        <common:orcid-identifier>
          <common:uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305</common:uri>
          <common:path>0000-0003-0530-4305</common:path>
          <common:host>orcid.org</common:host>
        </common:orcid-identifier>
      </search:result>
      <search:result>
        <common:orcid-identifier>
          <common:uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-3114</common:uri>
          <common:path>0000-0003-1448-3114</common:path>
          <common:host>orcid.org</common:host>
        </common:orcid-identifier>
      </search:result>
    </search:search>

Then, for each ORCID returned, we call again the ORCID Public API, shown
as follows for ORCID "0000-0003-0530-4305", so as to get the full
personal details of the agent with that ORCID:

<https://pub.orcid.org/v2.1/0000-0003-0530-4305/personal-details>

The result of this query is shown as follows:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
    <personal-details:personal-details
      path="/0000-0003-0530-4305/personal-details"
      xmlns:personal-details="http://www.orcid.org/ns/personal-details"
      ...>
      <personal-details:name 
        visibility="public" path="0000-0003-0530-4305">
        ...
        <personal-details:given-names>
          Silvio
        </personal-details:given-names>
        <personal-details:family-name>
          Peroni
        </personal-details:family-name>
      </personal-details:name>
      ...
    </personal-details:personal-details>

Then, two possible alternative situations exist:

- If the OpenCitations Corpus has already recorded the personal details
  and ORCID of that agent, we associate that agent with the new
  bibliographic resource identified by the input DOI; otherwise,
- If the personal details and ORCID of that agent have not been
  previously recorded in the OpenCitation Corpus, we create a new agent
  record with that ORCID as external identifier, specified by means of
  the [DataCite Ontology](http://purl.org/spar/datacite), and we
  associate this new agent with the new bibliographic resource
  identified by the input DOI.
- This process is repeated for all ORCIDs associated with that DOI.

## [Software reuse in different applications]{lang="EN"}

While the OCC ingestion workflow explained above regulates the ingestion
of new citation data directly into the OpenCitations Corpus, the
particular software library that implements this ingestion is generic in
form, and is being reused in another application that we have recently
released in prototype, namely
[BCite](https://semsci.github.io/SemSci2018/papers/1/bcite-semsci2018.html)
(sources available on [GitHub](https://github.com/opencitations/bcite)).
BCite is a Web application that enables users such as journal editors,
starting with the 'raw' reference text strings supplied by the author as
items in an article's reference list, to obtain 'clean' verified and
enriched bibliographic reference text strings, for inclusion in the
reference list of the citing article they have in hand, so that accurate
rather than erroneous references can be published in the version of
record.  Additionally, these references are at the same time transformed
into RDF data compliant with the [OpenCitation Data
Model](https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3443876), including ORCIDs
where available, thereby (in principle, although not yet in practice)
permitting inclusion of the metadata for these cited works, and the
citations for which they are the targets, into the OpenCitations Corpus
itself.


Among the external services used, the
<strong>
 ORCID Public API
</strong>
is of crucial importance for the task of author disambiguation. During the OCC ingestion workflow, the main metadata of an article are usually retrieved from the Crossref API.

Messaggi di Rogue Scholar

Using the ORCID Public API for author disambiguation in the OpenCitations Corpus