Maastricht University

Egon Willighagen

Scholarly articles provide context to the factualness of statements in
[Wikidata](https://wikidata.org/), similar to the [\[citation
needed\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_needed) in
[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). And just like the cited
references in each scholarly article itself. The citation network is
general seen as an essential part of (doing) science, even without
[citation intention
annotation](https://chem-bla-ics.linkedchemistry.info/tag/cito).
Nowadays, citations are mostly open, but this took very serious lobbying
by the [Initiative for Open Citations](https://i4oc.org/) and [not every
publisher reacted
immediately](https://chem-bla-ics.linkedchemistry.info/2018/11/17/join-me-in-encouraging-acs-to-join.html).
But now that they are open, projects like
[OpenCitations](https://opencitations.net/) are making this citation
network FAIR.

Therefore, when an article is cited as reference in Wikidata, I think
that the articles (and other research output) cited in that article is
part of the reference. After all, it is really hard to understand any
article without the details in the cited articles. So, getting these
citations between article into Wikidata deepens the knowledge captured
by Wikidata. Of course, Wikidata is also one of the few places where we
can capture the citation intentions at all.

Adding these citations manually is cumbersome but [sometimes
needed](https://chem-bla-ics.linkedchemistry.info/2023/08/08/history-provenance-detail.html)
as these citations are not open or not FAIR yet. Fortunately, in many
cases we can automate the process, for which I wrote a
[Bacting](https://chem-bla-ics.linkedchemistry.info/tag/bioclipse)-cased
[script](https://github.com/egonw/ons-wikidata/blob/main/OpenCitations/quickstatements.groovy).
Until recently, the script takes as input a single DOI or a list of DOIs
as input, and for each DOI looks up in OpenCitations if it cites other
article DOIs and is cited by other DOIs. For the cited and citing DOIs
it checks if those are in Wikidata and (only) if they are in Wikidata,
then it create QuickStatements. The result can look like
[this](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91911528#P2860):

![](/assets/images/opencitationsImport.png)

The script also needs a OpenCitation token, which you can [get
here](https://opencitations.net/querying). This is how I run the code
from the command line (with the token in the `TOKEN`{.language-plaintext
.highlighter-rouge} environment variable), for a single DOI:

:::: {.language-shell .highlighter-rouge}
::: {.highlight}
``` highlight
groovy quickstatements.groovy -t ${TOKEN} -d 10.1002/JLAC.18721620110 | tee output.qs
```
:::
::::

A list of DOIs is provided as a text file, with one DOI on one line. I
then use the `-l`{.language-plaintext .highlighter-rouge} parameter (oh,
here DOIs of works by [Shyamala
Gopalan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shyamala_Gopalan), mother of
[Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris)):

:::: {.language-shell .highlighter-rouge}
::: {.highlight}
``` highlight
groovy quickstatements.groovy -t ${TOKEN} -l harris_dois.txt | tee output.qs
```
:::
::::

But last weekend I created a new feature. To enrich the profiles of
authors, for example Nobel Prize winners, mothers of, or
[famous](https://scholia.toolforge.org/author/Q76784)
[chemists](https://scholia.toolforge.org/author/Q80956), previously I
would create a list of DOIs, now I have the script do that:

So, today I could add the citation network for any arbitraty author,
e.g. [Carolyn Bertozzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi),
I just pass the Wikidata QID:

:::: {.language-shell .highlighter-rouge}
::: {.highlight}
``` highlight
groovy quickstatements.groovy -t ${TOKEN} -a Q7442 | tee output.qs
```
:::
::::

I can imagine that in the future the script will have more such options,
to do the same for many authors at some affiliation, or all DOIs for a
certain journal.

#### References

- [10.1002/JLAC.18721620110](https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.18721620110)


Scholarly articles provide context to the factualness of statements in Wikidata, similar to the [citation needed] in Wikipedia. And just like the cited references in each scholarly article itself. The citation network is general seen as an essential part of (doing) science, even without citation intention annotation.

Messaggi di Rogue Scholar

Adding citations between existing articles in Wikidata