How Apple’s Research Exposes AI’s Inability to Reason and OpenAI Highlights ChatGPT’s Name-Based Biases Author Zijian Yang ( ORCID: 0009–0006–8301–7634) Introduction As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, the capabilities and limitations of large language models (LLMs) are under increasing scrutiny.

Human intuition for probability may not be as ‘biased’ as behavioral economists think.