Royal Library of Belgium

Sven Lieber

Hi everyone,

I hope you had a great summer. The academic year is about to start and I
hope you are hungry for some knowledge :-) In today's edition I want to
introduce you to the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC).

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# ❓ FAIR Buzzword Bingo: EOSC {#fair-buzzword-bingo-eosc}

<div>

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</div>

There are already countless intertwined research and infrastructure
initiatives in the cultural heritage field, even more beyond it. In this
category I will focus on one of the many FAIR data-related initiatives,
this week: **the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC)**

You probably have heard the following phrase before:

> *"the cloud is just someone else's computer"*

While this is true, this *someone* usually is not a private person, but
a professional service provider that also backups your data and keeps
the **software and infrastructure up to date** and running. Important
features that should not be underestimated in terms of added value,
required skills and costs!

It's hard to imagine a world without cloud services. In a private
context you have probably synced your contacts and/or photos with a
cloud service from *Android/Google*
([Q94](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94)) or *iOS/Apple*
([Q48493](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48493)). Common are also
*Dropbox* ([Q142539](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142539)) or open
source solutions such as *Nextcloud*
([Q25874683](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25874683)). The latter can
also be used in a business context to collaboratively edit documents,
share data and E-mail or Instant message with colleagues. Although in a
business context most businesses probably use Microsoft products such as
*Microsoft 365* ([Q775811](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775811)) or
*Google Drive*-related products
([Q9340](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9340)).

But in a research and professional context you probably have many
**domain-specific data** you need to **find** and **use**. There is also
the whole point of data sovereignty, do we want to outsource our
research data to many different companies in the private sector? Or do
we want a public cloud with clear governance? This is where the European
Open Science Cloud comes in!

::: {.captioned-image-container}
<figure>
<a
href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4940b732-5347-43c6-838b-2ce6164f620b_2000x450.png"
class="image-link image2" target="_blank"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"></a>
<div class="image2-inset">
<img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4940b732-5347-43c6-838b-2ce6164f620b_2000x450.png"
title="Advancing Open Science in Europe | EOSC Association"
class="sizing-normal"
data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4940b732-5347-43c6-838b-2ce6164f620b_2000x450.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:328,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:440,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Advancing Open Science in Europe | EOSC Association&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null}"
srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4940b732-5347-43c6-838b-2ce6164f620b_2000x450.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4940b732-5347-43c6-838b-2ce6164f620b_2000x450.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4940b732-5347-43c6-838b-2ce6164f620b_2000x450.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4940b732-5347-43c6-838b-2ce6164f620b_2000x450.png 1456w"
sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" width="440" height="99"
alt="Advancing Open Science in Europe | EOSC Association" />
<div>

</div>
</div>
<figcaption>The (new) European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) logo:
https://eosc.eu</figcaption>
</figure>
:::

In summary, the EOSC is the glue that brings several cloud initiatives
and research infrastructures together, the different computers of other
people, to stay in the metaphor. The key idea is to to provide a single
cloud that in fact accesses **decentralized data in a federated way**:
data stored at different research institutions in Europe. Spoiler: FAIR
data comes in very handy when one wants to achieve something like that.

Without noticing you might have already used EOSC-related services. One
example is the research data repository **Zenodo**
([Q22661177](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22661177)) from the
*OpenAIRE* ([Q25106053](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25106053))
initiative: a platform to which you can upload research data for the
purpose of sharing with persistent Document Object Identifier (DOI)
links. But there is more. More than 3 million research and innovation
tools can be found in the EOSC Marketplace.

[Check the Marketplace
out!](https://marketplace.eosc-portal.eu/){.button .primary}

EOSC thus stands not alone, In fact it also integrates nicely with other
large initiatives that I have presented in previous editions. The
*ERIC-forum* ([Q120510649](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120510649))
commits to Open Science via *EOSC*
([source](https://www.eric-forum.eu/2020/08/31/input-of-the-eric-forum-to-the-open-consultation-for-the-strategic-research-and-innovation-agenda-sria-of-the-european-open-science-cloud-eosc/)).
Also *ESFRIs* ([Q2623454](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623454))
collaborate closely with *EOSC*
([source](https://www.esfri.eu/working-groups/esfri-eosc-task-force)).
One particular example is the ERIC *CLARIN*
([Q2986825](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986825)) which I presented
in a [previous edition](https://fair-data-digest.org/archive/7) of the
newsletter. Below is a short interview explaining how one of the more
recent FAIR projects around the EOSC relates to CLARIN.

If you are more in industry you might have heard about *GAIA-X*
([Q74431584](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74431584)), an initiative
about a federated system that meets the highest standards of digital
sovereignty while promoting innovation. It is a similar initiative more
for the business context. Due to the synergies there is also an
alignment between GAIA-X and EOSC
([source](https://eosc.eu/news/aligning-priorities-eosc-gaia-x)).

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aktiviere JavaScript, falls es in deinem Browser deaktiviert sein
sollte.
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## History of EOSC: facts and a Greek tragedy

The European Commission identified the need for the creation of an
European Open Science Cloud already in the 2016 report "*Open
Innovation, open science, open to the world"* ([DOI:
10.2777/061652](https://doi.org/10.2777/061652)). For a little more
**behind-the-scenes** I recommend the article "*Politics and Open
Science: How the European Open Science Cloud Became Reality (the Untold
Story)*" ([DOI:
10.1162/dint_a_00069](https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00069)) which
explains the making of EOSC as a **Greek tragedy**.

A lot has been accomplished since 2016! Besides establishing the
governance framework, the initial project *EOSCpilot*
([Q122222344](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122222344)) focused on
several pilot projects to remove fragmentations and demonstrate
interoperability. Dozens of projects followed, from *EOSCsecretariat*
([Q122222399](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122222399)) for increased
coordination to *DICE*
([Q122222426](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122222426)) for data
management and storage and *FAIRsFAIR*
([Q100151455](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100151455)) for the uptake
and implementation of the FAIR principles.

## EOSC and FAIR data

The most important question for this newsletter: **how about FAIR
data?**

I think this part is already clear. There is so much FAIR in
EOSC-related acronyms that it becomes obvious. For example, as mentioned
above, one of the recently finished projects was the FAIRsFAIR project.
The latest FAIR offspring is FAIRCORE4EOSC
([Q122222583](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122222583)). Thus FAIR
really is meant to be a core part!

**What do you think about EOSC**, are you involved and how are your
experiences? Please let me know if I've missed something important!

[Leave a
comment](https://fairdata.substack.com/p/fair-data-digest-14/comments){.button
.primary}

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</div>

That's it for this week of the FAIR Data Digest. I hope you found the
content interesting. Don't forget to share or subscribe. See you next
week!

Sven

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Hi everyone,  I hope you had a great summer. The academic year is about to start and I hope you are hungry for some knowledge :-) In today’s edition I want to introduce you to the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC).  ::: {.subscription-widget-wrap attrs=“{"url":"https://fairdata.substack.com/subscribe?","text":"Subscribe","language":"en"}” component-name=“SubscribeWidgetToDOM”}  Thanks for reading FAIR Data Digest!

FAIR Data Digest #14

Hi everyone,  greetings to one of our summer editions! Whether you're on vacation, just back, or about to head off, I've got some interesting content to share with you.

FAIR Data Digest #9

Hi everyone,

in today's edition I will try to explain what DARIAH / CLARIAH is and
what they do in the context of FAIR data. I am also sharing a video of
some recent presentations about Wikipedia from the Wikimedia Research
Showcase.

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❓ The speed at which technology develops is staggering. It is very
important for anyone in any research discipline to keep up to date and
have access to the latest methods and services. In today\'s *FAIR
Buzzword Bingo*, I introduce you to the **Digital Research
Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities (DARIAH)**. How it is
organised and how it supports knowledge sharing.

🎥 I remember the dark days before Wikipedia, a time when various
suppliers sold encyclopaedias on CDs! Thankfully, we now have Wikipedia!
Anyone can edit Wikipedia, so it is important to check the integrity of
the knowledge it contains. In today\'s *videos not to miss* section, I
share two presentations that cover reference integrity in Wikipedia and
a monitoring system for high-risk content.

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

# ❓ FAIR Buzzword Bingo: DARIAH / CLARIAH {#fair-buzzword-bingo-dariah-clariah}

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

There are already countless intertwined research and infrastructure
initiatives in the cultural heritage field, even more beyond it. Each
week I will focus on one of the many FAIR data-related initiatives; last
week I looked at the [ERIC research infrastructure
CLARIN](https://fair-data-digest.org/archive/7), which focuses on
language material; **this week it's another ERIC: the Digital Research
Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities (DARIAH) / CLARIAH.**

We are living in a **technologically evolving knowledge society**. This
also holds for research in the Arts and Humanities which does not center
around studying dusty books. In order to perform excellent research, you
need to be on top of the game! This means assessing **new technologies,
having access to tools, services and data**, but also to **exchange
knowledge**. Providing you with this capabilities is the mission of
DARIAH!

::: {.captioned-image-container}
<figure>
<a
href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5402565-abec-4675-bad9-ac02f9b0df5a_2123x999.png"
class="image-link image2" target="_blank"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"></a>
<div class="image2-inset">
<img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5402565-abec-4675-bad9-ac02f9b0df5a_2123x999.png"
title="DARIAH and OPERAS Join Forces to Make Open Science a Reality in the Arts,  Humanities and Social Sciences – OPERAS"
class="sizing-normal"
data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a5402565-abec-4675-bad9-ac02f9b0df5a_2123x999.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:685,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:394,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;DARIAH and OPERAS Join Forces to Make Open Science a Reality in the Arts,  Humanities and Social Sciences – OPERAS&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null}"
srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5402565-abec-4675-bad9-ac02f9b0df5a_2123x999.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5402565-abec-4675-bad9-ac02f9b0df5a_2123x999.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5402565-abec-4675-bad9-ac02f9b0df5a_2123x999.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5402565-abec-4675-bad9-ac02f9b0df5a_2123x999.png 1456w"
sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" width="394" height="185"
alt="DARIAH and OPERAS Join Forces to Make Open Science a Reality in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences – OPERAS" />
<div>

</div>
</div>
<figcaption>Logo of the DARIAH-ERIC: https://dariah.eu</figcaption>
</figure>
:::

DARIAH ([Q49103279](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49103279)) is the
outcome of an initial project between 2008 and 2011, that started with
14 consortia from 8 countries. Now in 2023 this is extended to **197
partner institutions from 21 member states!** Since 2014 DARIAH has been
an official ERIC and the two follow-up projects HaS-DARIAH
([Q120836405](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120836405)) and DESIR
([Q120836372](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120836372)) have further
enhanced DARIAH in the recent years.

## Organization within DARIAH

From an organizational point of view, I would like to **highlight two
things**: firstly, how the collaboration within DARIAH is managed, and
secondly, how a national DARIAH consortium might be structured, based on
two examples. I do this in the hope that it will give you an idea of how
such large initiatives can work.

### DARIAH collaboration

Besides the administrative governance, different **working groups** such
as [Multilingual
DH](https://www.dariah.eu/activities/working-groups/multilingual-dh/),
[Ethics and
Legality](https://www.dariah.eu/activities/working-groups/ethics-and-legality-in-the-digital-arts-and-humanities-eldah/)
or [Research Data
Management](https://www.dariah.eu/activities/working-groups/research-data-management/)
exist that are coordinated by four **Virtual Competency Centres
(VCCs)**.

- VCC **E-infrastructures** providing the technical foundation

- VCC **Research and Education Liaison** acting as the primary contact
  for the research and teaching communities

- VCC **Scholarly Content Management** dealing with the creation,
  curation and dissemination of scholarly content

- VCC **Advocacy Impact and Outreach** assessing DARIAH's impact and
  outreach to various stakeholders

Since recently, DARIAH members and institutions from non-member
countries can also work together in a **Regional Hub**. I could imagine
something like a hub around an *Iberian* theme, including Portugal and
Spain, or a hub around some *Benelux-*specific themes including Belgium,
the Netherlands and Luxembourg.

[Curious? Check out the DARIAH
structure](https://www.dariah.eu/about/organisation-and-governance/){.button
.primary}

<div>

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</div>

### DARIAH national consortia

The way in which a national DARIAH consortium is organized **varies from
country to country**. For example, in some countries a single "CLARIAH"
entity serves as a contact point for both DARIAH and CLARIN (which I
introduced in the [last
edition](https://fair-data-digest.org/archive/7)) as they have some
overlap and similar stakeholders. Let's have a look at two examples:
Belgium and Germany

🇧🇪 In **Belgium**, the DARIAH-BE consortium consists of 14 partner
institutions. Its scientific and technical activities are coordinated by
three sub **consortia that represent the regional structure of
Belgium**: DARIAH-VL for Flanders, DARIAH-FWB for the Federation
Wallonia-Brussels and DARIAH-FED representing Federal Scientific
Institutes, such as the Royal Library (my employer). The National
Representing Entity is the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO).

🇩🇪 In **Germany**, the infrastructures of the initial DARIAH-DE and
CLARIN-D consortia were merged and **a single CLARIAH-DE** consortium
was formed in 2019. Since 2021, the national coordination is **managed
by an association** with the catchy name ***Geistes- und
kulturwissenschaftliche Forschungsinfrastrukturen e.V.*** (currently
created by transforming the existing *TextGrid* association
([Q120837364](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120837364))). In addition
to international cooperation via ERICs, this association can also
support the coordination of its members with initiatives of the German
National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI)
([Q105757481](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105757481)).

## DARIAH and FAIR data

The most important question for this newsletter: **how about FAIR
data?** This initiative is all about sharing experiences and sharing
knowledge. Several of the provided services provide FAIR data, such as
the [OpenAIRE DARIAH Community Gateway](https://dariah.openaire.eu/) as
a single entry point to DARIAH-affiliated research output or the [vocabs
service](https://vocabs.dariah.eu/en/) via the DARIAH-AT consortium with
thesauri following the SKOS standard.

DARIAH is continuing to strive for excellent research in the arts and
humanities. Following the DARIAH Strategic Plan 2019-2026:

> *"The strategy stands upon the four pillars of: building the
> **Marketplace** as a humanist-friendly component of the European Open
> Science Cloud; approaching **training and education** strategically
> and in a coordinated fashion; deepening our connection to our
> **communities** and ensuring they are with us; and strengthening our
> voice in **policy and advocacy**. Delivery upon these areas will be
> monitored through a series of quantitative and qualitative success
> measures tied in to the areas in which DARIAH's impact, manifested in
> improved organisational efficiency, research excellence, network
> development and innovation, can be evidenced."* - [DARIAH Strategic
> Plan
> 2019-2026](https://www.dariah.eu/2019/08/19/dariah-publishes-a-strategic-plan-for-2019-2026)

**What do you think about DARIAH, are you involved and how are your
experiences? Please let me know if I've missed something important!**

Below is a short video about a DARIAH event at Stanford, check it out to
see yourself how knowledge is exchanged (two more videos are available
[here](https://www.dariah.eu/activities/projects-and-affiliations/desir/)).

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sollte.
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</div>

# 🎥 Videos not to miss {#videos-not-to-miss}

<div>

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</div>

I have covered Wikidata in this newsletter already a lot, the structured
data backbone of many Wikimedia projects. But there is also Wikipedia,
which is **essential for many daily tasks** and also for research. Once
a month, the Wikimedia Foundation hosts the online event *Wikimedia
Research Showcase*. In this event series, the Wikimedia Research team
and guest presenters talk about research.

A few days ago, the July edition with the **theme** ***Improving
knowledge integrity in Wikimedia projects*** was streamed.

**Watch the video below** to learn more about the assessment of
reference quality in Wikipedia and how it has evolved in the past 10
years. The good news is, the Reference Need (RN) score has dropped by
20%, which means **there are more references!** Next to this, there is
also a talk on the integrity of the articles themselves. A novel system
is presented that is used to **monitor high-risk content** in hundreds
of Wikipedia language editions!

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aktiviere JavaScript, falls es in deinem Browser deaktiviert sein
sollte.
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</div>

That's it for this week of the FAIR Data Digest. **Let me know what you
think about the content or if I have missed something**. Don't forget to
share or subscribe. See you next week!

Sven

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Hi everyone,  in today’s edition I will try to explain what DARIAH / CLARIAH is and what they do in the context of FAIR data. I am also sharing a video of some recent presentations about Wikipedia from the Wikimedia Research Showcase. ::: {.subscription-widget-wrap attrs=“{"url":"https://fairdata.substack.com/subscribe?","text":"Subscribe","language":"en"}” component-name=“SubscribeWidgetToDOM”}  Thanks for reading FAIR Data Digest!

FAIR Data Digest #8

Hi everyone,

last week I told you about *European Research Infrastructures Consortia*
or ERIC in short. Today we gonna look into one of these ERICs that is
active in the Cultural Heritage field. I also have to celebrate a tiny
anniversary related to Wikidata and I will share a resource about FAIR
Jupyter notebooks.

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❓ Language is a huge part of our lives, thus naturally there is lots of
research around it, and data. For example, recorded language in form of
**audio** or written language in the form of **text documents**. In this
week's *FAIR Buzzword Bingo* series I will introduce the **Common
Language Resources and Technology Infrastructures (CLARIN)**. This
research infrastructure provides data, tools and services related to
language material.

🌐 I guess I don't have to introduce
*[Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/)* to you. It was already featured
in this newsletter a few times. Just a few days ago I made my **1000th
Wikidata edit.** A reason to celebrate! I will briefly mention what my
1000th edit was and how you can contribute to Wikidata yourself. This
will also mark the start of the new category *Wikidata Spotlight* where
from time to time I will share what I have edited and why.

🖥️ Whether you are a programmer or not, chances are high that you have
heard the term *Jupyter Notebooks* at least once before. If not also no
problem, I will briefly explain it and share a recent resource that
explains **how you can make your Jupyter notebooks FAIR**. Thanks for
this tip to my colleague [Sally
Chambers](https://twitter.com/schambers3).

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

# ❓ FAIR Buzzword Bingo: CLARIN {#fair-buzzword-bingo-clarin}

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

There are already countless intertwined research and infrastructure
initiatives in the cultural heritage field, even more beyond it. Every
week I will focus on one of the many FAIR data-related initiatives,
**this week: the Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure
(CLARIN)**

Imagine that you are researching something that relates to languages and
text processing. You may need **voice recordings in a specific
language** from a specific time or **digitized documents** such as
newspapers or legal texts. Where do you get data and tools to do this?
And more importantly, **how do search for it in in a uniform way?**

CLARIN ([Q2986825](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986825)) provides a
research infrastructure offering data, tools and services to support
research based on language resources. Via their platform you can find
relevant **data at one of the many participating institutions**. One
example is the **Virtual Language Observatory** where you can search in
nearly a million metadata records. For example, when searching "Flemish"
you can find [The Dutch Song
Database](https://vlo.clarin.eu/record/https_58__47__47_hdl.handle.net_47_11372_47_LRT-608_64_format_61_cmdi?4&count=95&index=7&q=flemish),
a [Flemish parliamentary
debate](https://vlo.clarin.eu/record/https_58__47__47_hdl.handle.net_47_1839_47_00-0000-0000-0002-E59B-9?2&count=95&index=1&q=flemish)
or a [video
collection](https://vlo.clarin.eu/record/https_58__47__47_hdl.handle.net_47_11372_47_LRT-1511_64_format_61_cmdi?3&count=95&index=8&q=flemish)
about Teaching Dutch in primary and secondary education.

[Visit the Virtual Language
Observatory](https://vlo.clarin.eu/?0){.button .primary}

::: {.captioned-image-container}
<figure>
<a
href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee9a22c4-e713-4041-a97b-4d6bbe59482b_400x200.svg"
class="image-link is-viewable-img image2" target="_blank"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"></a>
<div class="image2-inset">
<img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee9a22c4-e713-4041-a97b-4d6bbe59482b_400x200.svg"
title="Homepage | CLARIN ERIC" class="sizing-normal"
data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ee9a22c4-e713-4041-a97b-4d6bbe59482b_400x200.svg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:728,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:578,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Homepage | CLARIN ERIC&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null}"
srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee9a22c4-e713-4041-a97b-4d6bbe59482b_400x200.svg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee9a22c4-e713-4041-a97b-4d6bbe59482b_400x200.svg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee9a22c4-e713-4041-a97b-4d6bbe59482b_400x200.svg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee9a22c4-e713-4041-a97b-4d6bbe59482b_400x200.svg 1456w"
sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" width="578" height="289"
alt="Homepage | CLARIN ERIC" />
<div class="image-link-expand">
<img
src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"
class="lucide lucide-maximize2" />
</div>
</div>
<figcaption>Logo of the CLARIN-ERIC: https://www.clarin.eu</figcaption>
</figure>
:::

## Background

CLARIN, or more precisely CLARIN-ERIC is one of the European Research
Infrastructure Consortiums I talked about in the [last
edition](https://fair-data-digest.org/archive/6). It was built in 2012
with nine founding members after the initial CLARIN project
([Q120669114](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120669114)) between 2008
and 2011. In the meantime there are **member consortia from 22 European
states**, observer consortia from **South Africa**, **Switzerland** and
the **UK**, as well as a third-party consortium from the **United
States**.

Within the CLARIN-Plus
([Q100319394](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100319394)) project between
2015 and 2017 was dedicated to enhance CLARIN. The initiative became
even more mature.

> *"The project aim was to consolidate and strengthen the CLARIN
> infrastructure in the following areas: the central technical hub and
> central office, partnerships with other infrastructures, outreach and
> governance"* - [CLARIN-Plus
> outcomes](https://web.archive.org/web/20230604145731/https://www.clarin.eu/content/clarin-stronger-ever-clarin-plus-project-outcomes)

The partnership with other infrastructures relates for example to
*Europeana* (that I covered in a [previous
edition](https://fair-data-digest.org/archive/5)) and *DARIAH*, an
initiative that I will cover in a future edition.

Depending on your needs you can find relevant CLARIN member institutions
for your use case. CLARIN member institutions are organized in **three
types of centres**: *Technical Centres (B)* , *Metadata providing
Centres (C)* and *Knowledge Centres (K)*. Knowing this helps you to
estimate what kind of data and services you can expect from a specific
member institution.

[Information about CLARIN
centres](https://www.clarin.eu/content/clarin-centres){.button .primary}

## CLARIN and FAIR data

The most important question for this newsletter: **how about FAIR
data?** The CLARIN network is the combined effort of many different
institutions. They agreed on certain standards and make **searching**
***for*** **data easy**. In the book *The Enterprise Data Catalog*, [Ole
Olesen-Bagneux](https://www.linkedin.com/in/ole-olesen-bagneux/)
specifies two types of data search: searching ***for*** data and
searching ***in*** data. The former is important to identify relevant
data in the first place. And among others, this is where the CLARIN
infrastructure provides added value: by providing standardized metadata
catalogues!

Additionally, according to the CLARIN information video (that you will
find below), they explicitly contribute to easy access by making all
resources FAIR, in their case:

- **Findable** through the CLARIN discovery boards

- **Accessible** through single-sign on

- **Interoperable** thanks to CLARIN's promotion of open science
  standards

- **Reusable** because users know what they can and cannot do with any
  dataset

**What do you think about CLARIN? Is there something I have forgotten?**
Below you will find a short YouTube video that introduces CLARIN high
level. If you are interested in more details here are some links for
further reading

- The *Tour De CLARIN* series that highlights different centers:
  <https://www.clarin.eu/Tour-de-CLARIN>

- An open bibliography related to CLARIN:
  <https://www.zotero.org/groups/562080/clarin/collections/DNV2LZAN>

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sollte.
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<div>

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</div>

# 🌐 Wikidata Spotlight {#wikidata-spotlight}

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

Anyone can edit Wikidata! You can do it either manually via their
website or automatically for data in batch via tools such as
[QuickStatements](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:QuickStatements).
Just a few days ago I started to use QuickStatements for the first time.
This makes my tiny anniversary short before even more astonishing for
me: I already have performed **1000th edits on Wikidata, manually!**

**How can you edit Wikidata?** Just visit a Wikidata item in the browser
and click one of the edit buttons to add statements or change the
description. It is that easy! Actually you don't even have to login. If
you do not have an account, your IP address will be shown in the editing
log. And yes, there is an editing log! On every item you can click *View
history* to see *who* did *when* contribute *what* to the item. Only for
certain protected pages or when you want to use QuickStatements you need
an account and at least 50 edits.

You may wonder what my 1000th edit was. While curating information about
CLARIN (see section above), I had to indicate somewhere specific
**Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs)**. In case you haven't heard of it
before, there are nine such TRLs. They were **defined by NASA in the
1970s** to **estimate the maturity of technologies**. Since a decade or
so, they are also used in funding programmes of the European Union.

Wikidata only knew the single concept TRL that represents the scale as
such ([Q1478071](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478071)). I created one
concept for each of the levels such that they can be used independently
to annotate data. **And TRL-6 was my 1000th edit**:
[Q120669350](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120669350). I still have to
investigate which property should be used best for the TRL levels. So
far I have used *compliesWith*
([P5009](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P5009)). What do you
think? How would you use these TRL levels on Wikidata?

[Start curating data yourself!](https://www.wikidata.org/){.button
.primary}

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

# 🖥️ Coding corner {#coding-corner}

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

**What do you do if you have (FAIR) data?** I guess you want to **use
it** to reach some sort of a goal. This means you have to process the
data, aggregate it or visualize it. These kinds of workflows and the
specific steps you perform (and why you perform them) are crucial.
Ideally these **workflows should be FAIR too!**

Especially for data science, the **context and the why** of data
processing are **important**. You can use Jupyter notebooks as an
interactive environment in which you can mix a documentation of your
steps and pieces of code.

> *"The Jupyter Notebook is an open-source, browser-based tool for
> creating virtual lab notebooks that document research workflows, code,
> data and visualisations. It is ideal for interactive data science and
> scientific computing across disciplines, supporting programming
> languages including Python, R, Julia and a few others"* - [DOI:
> 10.1109/MSR.2019.00077](https://doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2019.00077)

Just a few days ago, *Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC)* published
a practical guide on how to make Jupyter notebooks FAIR. One of their
tips is to use code versioning systems such as
*[git](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git)*
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git) and to obtain DOI identifiers for
code, for example via an existing [GitHub
feature](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/archiving-a-github-repository/referencing-and-citing-content).
You can check out their complete guide for more information.

[Visit the practical
guide](https://ardc.edu.au/resource/fair-for-jupyter-notebooks-a-practical-guide/){.button
.primary}

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

That's it for this week of the FAIR Data Digest. I hope you found the
content interesting. Don't forget to share or subscribe. See you next
week!

Sven

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Hi everyone,  last week I told you about
<em>
 European Research Infrastructures Consortia
</em>
or ERIC in short. Today we gonna look into one of these ERICs that is active in the Cultural Heritage field. I also have to celebrate a tiny anniversary related to Wikidata and I will share a resource about FAIR Jupyter notebooks.

FAIR Data Digest #7

Hi everyone,

if you are a researcher and you want to follow the FAIR data principles
you are not left alone. In today's edition I will try to explain what
ERIC is and what they have to do with FAIR data.

As for work updates: I was on a small camping vacation in France, so
there are no work updates, but I came back with many ideas for the
future! :-)

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<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

# ❓ FAIR Buzzword Bingo: ERIC {#fair-buzzword-bingo-eric}

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

There are already countless intertwined research and infrastructure
initiatives in the cultural heritage field, even more beyond it. Every
week I will focus on one of the many FAIR data-related initiatives, last
week I've covered [Europeana and the Cultural Heritage
Cloud](https://fair-data-digest.org/archive/5#§fair-buzzword-bingo-europeana),
**this week: the European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC)**

Some of the initiatives I will present in upcoming editions officially
have the ending ERIC, for example CLARIN-ERIC. **So what is an ERIC?**
An ERIC is a **E**uropean **R**esearch **I**nfrastructure **C**onsortium
([Q15808872](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15808872)). A *legal entity*
within the European Law that was established by the EU Council
Regulation 723/2009
([Q120506553](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120506553)).

> *"An ERIC \[...\] should have as its principal task the
> **establishment and operation of a research infrastructure** on a
> non-economic basis and should devote most of its resources to this
> principal task"* - Council Regulation 723/2009
> ([Q120506553](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120506553))

Since 2009 ERICs have been formed around various research disciplines,
from cultural heritage to marine biology or carbon dioxide storage. In
the open access article [The ERIC Consortium: A New Type of EU Research
Institution](https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2020305), Carlo Rizzuto
stresses that the **more than 20 existing ERICs** have a **major impact
in extensive fields of research**.

::: {.captioned-image-container}
<figure>
<a
href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42112b11-4344-4c87-a694-6ccd4161a4a0_1004x391.jpeg"
class="image-link image2" target="_blank"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"></a>
<div class="image2-inset">
<img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42112b11-4344-4c87-a694-6ccd4161a4a0_1004x391.jpeg"
title="ERIC Forum - Ceric" class="sizing-normal"
data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/42112b11-4344-4c87-a694-6ccd4161a4a0_1004x391.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:391,&quot;width&quot;:1004,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:526,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;ERIC Forum - Ceric&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null}"
srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42112b11-4344-4c87-a694-6ccd4161a4a0_1004x391.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42112b11-4344-4c87-a694-6ccd4161a4a0_1004x391.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42112b11-4344-4c87-a694-6ccd4161a4a0_1004x391.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42112b11-4344-4c87-a694-6ccd4161a4a0_1004x391.jpeg 1456w"
sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" width="526" height="204"
alt="ERIC Forum - Ceric" />
<div>

</div>
</div>
<figcaption>Logo of the ERIC Forum:
https://www.eric-forum.eu</figcaption>
</figure>
:::

Based on [additional funding](https://doi.org/10.3030/823798) of almost
€ 1.5 million, the **ERIC Forum**
([Q120510649](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120510649)) was set up.
Representatives of each ERIC are organized within this forum. According
to their website, the ERIC Forum's aim is to *"advance operations of
ERICs and to strategically contribute to the development of ERIC related
policies."*. It does so by for example **strengthening the coordination
and networking** between ERICs.

## ERIC and FAIR data

In February 2023, the ERIC Forum published a [position
paper](https://web.archive.org/web/20230710193401/https://www.eric-forum.eu/2023/04/05/eric-forum-position-paper-2023/)
regarding the *"Public consultation on the past, present and future of
the European Research & Innovation Framework programmes 2014-2027"*.
**It mentions the acronym FAIR seven times!**

> *"ERICs are key enablers of Open Science and their quality-managed
> services facilitate FAIR research data and outputs"* - ERIC Forum
> position paper

Having support for FAIR data at such a basic level has of course
enormous advantages. By using standardized research infrastructure, the
creation of FAIR data isn't a burden for individual researchers anymore.
Instead, the underlying research data infrastructure is already FAIR
by-design and there would be trainings about it. I think this is
highlighted best in the following recommendation the ERIC Forum has for
the next Horizon Europe program with respect to experimental data:

> *"Funding for standardization efforts for experimental data as key to
> produce FAIR data. **ERICs are a 'central' structure to promote
> standard development** between different research institutions in
> Europe as well as beyond with their international partners"* - A
> recommendation from the ERIC Forum's position paper

**What do you think about ERICs?** Are you aware of any ERICs in your
field of research? Under the following link you can find a small fact
sheet about ERICs and a full list of existing ones.

[ERIC fact sheet and full
list](https://web.archive.org/web/20230710192614/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/european-research-infrastructure-consortium-eric.html){.button
.primary}

<div>

------------------------------------------------------------------------

</div>

That's it for this week of the FAIR Data Digest. I hope you found the
content interesting. Don't forget to share or subscribe. See you next
week!

Sven

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Hi everyone,  if you are a researcher and you want to follow the FAIR data principles you are not left alone. In today’s edition I will try to explain what ERIC is and what they have to do with FAIR data. As for work updates: I was on a small camping vacation in France, so there are no work updates, but I came back with many ideas for the future!

Messaggi di Rogue Scholar

FAIR Data Digest #14

FAIR Data Digest #9

FAIR Data Digest #8

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FAIR Data Digest #6