Stephen Royle

I've posted in the past about analysing race results in R (most recently
[here](https://quantixed.org/2022/09/12/pledging-my-time-v-analysing-race-results-in-r/){data-type="post"
data-id="2820"}). I ran the 2023 MK Marathon and wanted to have a look
at the finishing times. The days of race results being made available as
a csv or xls for easy analysis seem to be behind us. Instead they tend
to be served up on multiple webpages of 50 athletes' results at a time.

<figure class="wp-block-image size-large">
<img
src="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?resize=640%2C356&amp;ssl=1"
class="wp-image-3022" loading="lazy" decoding="async"
data-attachment-id="3022"
data-permalink="https://quantixed.org/2023/05/08/pledging-my-time-vi-scraping-and-analysis-of-race-results-in-r/screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19-41-30/"
data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?fit=3346%2C1858&amp;ssl=1"
data-orig-size="3346,1858" data-comments-opened="1"
data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}"
data-image-title="Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30"
data-image-description="" data-image-caption=""
data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?fit=300%2C167&amp;ssl=1"
data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?fit=640%2C356&amp;ssl=1"
srcset="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?resize=1024%2C569&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?resize=300%2C167&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?resize=768%2C426&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?resize=1536%2C853&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?resize=2048%2C1137&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-19.41.30.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w"
sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-recalc-dims="1" width="640"
height="356" />
</figure>

Oh no, 29 pages of results and now Download option.... let's scrape the
data!

## The code {#the-code .wp-block-heading}

We need `{rvest}` to do the scraping. We also need three custom
functions. The first, will extract the data we need from a
resultsbase.net page. We can call it multiple times for each page of 50
athletes at a time. The second and third functions allow us to look at
how a single runner compares with the field.

::: {.wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code}
``` {.brush: .r; .title: .; .notranslate title=""}
library(rvest)
require(tidyverse)
require(ggforce)

## Functions ----
# performs the scrape of a webpage
scrape_results_page <- function(url) {
  webpage <- read_html(url)
  # there are three table objects. We want the second table
  runner <- as.data.frame(html_table(html_nodes(webpage, "table")[2]))
  # this is an unnecessary column, remove
  runner$Name.1 <- NULL
  
  return(runner)
}

# discretely highlight person of interest by bib number in a plot
label_plot <- function(plot, raceno) {
  plot <- plot + geom_point(data = result[result$Race.No == raceno,], colour = "dark grey")
  return(plot)
}

# lookup a runner by bib number and compare to the field
lookup_runner <- function(df, raceno) {
  
  orig_row <- which(df$Race.No == raceno)
  
  all_df <- df %>%
    mutate(rank = rank(Time))
  
  rankno <- all_df$rank[all_df$Race.No == raceno]
  denom <- nrow(all_df)
  cat("Runner",raceno,"is",rankno,"out of",denom,"Runners",":",rankno/denom*100,"%ile\n")
  
  gender_df <- df %>%
    arrange(Gender, Time) %>% 
    group_by(Gender) %>% 
    mutate(rank = rank(Time))
  
  rankno <- gender_df$rank[gender_df$Race.No == raceno]
  key <- df$Gender[orig_row]
  denom <- length(which(gender_df$Gender == key))
  cat("Runner",raceno,"is",rankno,"out of",denom,key,":",rankno/denom*100,"%ile\n")
  
  cat_df <- df %>%
    arrange(Category, Time) %>% 
    group_by(Category) %>% 
    mutate(rank = rank(Time))
  
  rankno <- cat_df$rank[cat_df$Race.No == raceno]
  key <- df$Category[orig_row]
  denom <- length(which(gender_df$Category == key))
  cat("Runner",raceno,"is",rankno,"out of",denom,key,":",rankno/denom*100,"%ile\n")
}
```
:::

Now we can move on to the business of scraping.

::: {.wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code}
``` {.brush: .r; .title: .; .notranslate title=""}
## Main script ----

#Specifying the url for website to be scraped
url <- "https://results.resultsbase.net/Results.aspx?CId=8&RId=20209"

# subsequent pages are like this
# "https://results.resultsbase.net/results.aspx?CId=8&RId=20209&EId=1&dt=0&PageNo=2&adv=0"

# total pages (displayed on 1st page)
n_pages <- 29
# make a list of all urls to be scraped
urls    <- paste0(url, "&EId=1&dt=0&PageNo=", 1 + (seq(n_pages) - 1), "&adv=0")
# scrape each page one by one and rbind into large df
result  <- do.call(rbind, lapply(urls, scrape_results_page))
```
:::

Hopefully you can see how this works. There are several pages of data
and we need to extract them all. We build a list of all urls to be
scraped by first figuring out how the url should be formatted. Then, we
can call our `scrape_results_page()` function repeatedly, `rbind`ing
everything into a big data frame.

The function loads the url and then extracts one of the tables (that
contains the data). If you are performing your own scrape of a different
site, you may need to change this function a bit. The best way to do
that is to load in the first page as an object and figure out the steps
needed to get the data.

OK. Now we have all the data from all athletes in a large data frame
called `result`. Great. There are 1450 runners in the dataset, 61
runners were DNF or have queried data.

Now let's have a look at the data.

::: {.wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code}
``` {.brush: .r; .title: .; .notranslate title=""}
## Plots ----

# format Date column to POSIXct
result$Time <- as.POSIXct(strptime(result$Gun.Time, format = "%H:%M:%S"))
orig_var <- as.POSIXct("00:00:00", format = "%H:%M:%S")

# we need categories to be the same for men and women and then use the Gender column to differentiate
result$cat <- ifelse(startsWith(result$Category, "Sen"),"Senior",result$Category)
result$cat <- sub("VetF", "Vet", result$cat)

p1 <- ggplot( data = result, aes(x = cat, y = Time, color = Gender)) + 
  geom_sina(alpha = 0.5, stroke = 0) +
  scale_colour_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
  stat_summary(fun = mean, geom = "point", size=2, colour = "black", alpha = 0.5) +
  scale_y_datetime(date_labels = "%H:%M:%S", limits = c(orig_var,NA)) +
  labs(x = "Category", y = "Time") +
  theme_light() +
  theme(legend.position = "none")

p2 <- ggplot( data = result, aes(x = cat, y = Time, color = Gender)) + 
  geom_sina(alpha = 0.5, stroke = 0) +
  scale_colour_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
  stat_summary(fun = mean, geom = "point", size=2, colour = "black", alpha = 0.5) +
  scale_y_datetime(date_labels = "%H:%M:%S", limits = c(orig_var,NA)) +
  facet_wrap(. ~ Gender) +
  labs(x = "Category", y = "Time") +
  theme_light() +
  theme(legend.position = "none")

# for example if we are interested in runner with bib number (raceno) 1413
p1 <- label_plot(p1,1413)
p2 <- label_plot(p2,1413)

ggsave("Output/Plots/times.png", p1, width = 7, height = 6, dpi = 300, units = "in")
ggsave("Output/Plots/times_break.png", p2,  width = 10, height = 6, dpi = 300, units = "in")
```
:::

And this gives us a plot of finishing times per category. Red points are
athletes identifying as Female, and Blue, Male. The light grey point is
me! Dark grey points show the mean time for the category (Male and
Female together).

<figure class="wp-block-image size-large">
<img
src="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?resize=640%2C549&amp;ssl=1"
class="wp-image-3018" loading="lazy" decoding="async"
data-attachment-id="3018"
data-permalink="https://quantixed.org/2023/05/08/pledging-my-time-vi-scraping-and-analysis-of-race-results-in-r/times-1/"
data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?fit=2100%2C1800&amp;ssl=1"
data-orig-size="2100,1800" data-comments-opened="1"
data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}"
data-image-title="times-1" data-image-description=""
data-image-caption=""
data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?fit=300%2C257&amp;ssl=1"
data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?fit=640%2C549&amp;ssl=1"
srcset="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?resize=1024%2C878&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?resize=300%2C257&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?resize=768%2C658&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?resize=1536%2C1317&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?resize=2048%2C1755&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times-1.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w"
sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-recalc-dims="1" width="640"
height="549" />
</figure>

We can facet the plots by gender to get a clearer view. Again I am the
light grey spot.

<figure class="wp-block-image size-large">
<img
src="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?resize=640%2C384&amp;ssl=1"
class="wp-image-3019" loading="lazy" decoding="async"
data-attachment-id="3019"
data-permalink="https://quantixed.org/2023/05/08/pledging-my-time-vi-scraping-and-analysis-of-race-results-in-r/times_break-1/"
data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?fit=3000%2C1800&amp;ssl=1"
data-orig-size="3000,1800" data-comments-opened="1"
data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}"
data-image-title="times_break-1" data-image-description=""
data-image-caption=""
data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?fit=300%2C180&amp;ssl=1"
data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?fit=640%2C384&amp;ssl=1"
srcset="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?resize=1024%2C614&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?resize=300%2C180&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?resize=768%2C461&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?resize=1536%2C922&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?resize=2048%2C1229&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_break-1.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w"
sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-recalc-dims="1" width="640"
height="384" />
</figure>

My time is above average for my category but I didn't exactly trouble
the podium... How can we look at this? The handy function above helps us
to see. With some dplyr magic:

::: {.wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code}
``` {.brush: .plain; .title: .; .notranslate title=""}
> lookup_runner(result,1413)
Runner 1413 is 212 out of 1450 Runners : 14.62069 %ile
Runner 1413 is 189 out of 1053 Male : 17.94872 %ile
Runner 1413 is 41 out of 235 Vet45 : 17.44681 %ile
```
:::

The `lookup_runner()` function does the business of calculating the
percentile (%ile) per category.

Hmmm, I was a bit disappointed with my time on the day but I figure hey,
I was well beyond the IQR and it means I have some room for improvement.

## Just for fun {#just-for-fun .wp-block-heading}

In large datasets of race results, you can often see some anomalies in
the finishing time data. Instead of a smooth curve, athletes bunch up
around "round number finishing times", e.g. the 4 h mark or the 3:45
mark; because these are target times for groups of runners.

::: {.wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code}
``` {.brush: .r; .title: .; .notranslate title=""}
p3 <- ggplot(data = result, aes(x = Time)) + 
  geom_histogram(breaks = as.POSIXct(seq(from = 2 * 60 * 60, to = 8 * 60 * 60, by = 300), origin = orig_var)) +
  scale_x_datetime(date_labels = "%H:%M:%S", date_breaks = "hour") +
  facet_wrap(. ~ Gender) +
  theme_light() +
  theme(legend.position = "none")

ggsave("Output/Plots/times_histo.png", p3, width = 10, height = 6, dpi = 300, units = "in")
```
:::

<figure class="wp-block-image size-large">
<img
src="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?resize=640%2C384&amp;ssl=1"
class="wp-image-3020" loading="lazy" decoding="async"
data-attachment-id="3020"
data-permalink="https://quantixed.org/2023/05/08/pledging-my-time-vi-scraping-and-analysis-of-race-results-in-r/times_histo/"
data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?fit=3000%2C1800&amp;ssl=1"
data-orig-size="3000,1800" data-comments-opened="1"
data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}"
data-image-title="times_histo" data-image-description=""
data-image-caption=""
data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?fit=300%2C180&amp;ssl=1"
data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?fit=640%2C384&amp;ssl=1"
srcset="https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?resize=1024%2C614&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?resize=300%2C180&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?resize=768%2C461&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?resize=1536%2C922&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?resize=2048%2C1229&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https://i0.wp.com/quantixed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/times_histo.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w"
sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-recalc-dims="1" width="640"
height="384" />
</figure>

There do seem to be peaks, particularly in the Male data, at 3:00, 3:15,
3:45 and others. The 3:30 peak is less obvious. There are 1053 Male
runners in this dataset and I suspect this is not enough to see this
effect clearly.

---

The post title is taken from "Pledging My Time" a track from Blonde on
Blonde by Bob Dylan.


I’ve posted in the past about analysing race results in R (most recently here). I ran the 2023 MK Marathon and wanted to have a look at the finishing times. The days of race results being made available as a csv or xls for easy analysis seem to be behind us. Instead they tend to be served up on multiple webpages of 50 athletes’ results at a time. Oh no, 29 pages of results and now Download option…. let’s scrape the data!

Messaggi di Rogue Scholar

Pledging My Time VI: scraping and analysis of race results in R